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XA Investments LLC (“XAI”) SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE TERMS AND CONDITIONS

These XAI Subscription Service Terms and Conditions (the “Terms”) together with the applicable subscription order form or invoice (the “Order Form”, collectively with the Terms, the “Agreement”), set forth the terms and conditions governing the access to and use of the Service by the licensee entity set forth in the Order Form (the “Licensee”). The term “Service” means certain compiled data, content, and information, documentation, and functionality provided by XAI to Licensee through a subscription service and further described in the Order Form. The term “Order Form” includes any electronic order form made available to Licensee by XAI for the Service.

BY EITHER EXECUTING AN ORDER FORM THAT REFERENCES these terms OR ELECTRONICALLY ACCEPTING THIS AGREEMENT BY CLICKING A BOX INDICATING ACCEPTANCE, LICENSEE AGREES TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT and REPRESENTS AND WARRANTS THAT (a) THEY ARE OF LEGAL AGE AND CAPACITY TO ENTER INTO A BINDING AGREEMENT; AND (b) IF LICENSEE IS A LEGAL ENTITY, THAT THEY HAVE THE RIGHT, POWER, AND AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT ON BEHALF OF LICENSEE AND BIND LICENSEE TO ITS TERMS. IF LICENSEE DOES NOT AGREE WITH THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT, LICENSEE MAY NOT ACCEPT THIS AGREEMENT AND MAY NOT USE THE SERVICES.

  1. ACCESS RIGHTS. During the Term, and subject to and conditioned on Licensee's payment of the applicable license fee and compliance with these Terms, XAI hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, and non-transferable right to access and use the Service solely for Licensee’s internal business purposes (the “Permitted Use”). Access to the Service may be subject to registration of a username and password by Licensee and its end users through XAI’s online registration systems. Licensee shall protect and keep confidential such access credentials and ensure that its end users do not share any access credentials with any other user or any other third party. Licensee is responsible for all activity occurring under such access credentials of Licensee and its end users.
  2. USE RESTRICTIONS. Except as provided herein, Licensee shall only use the Service for the Permitted Use and shall not disclose, release, distribute, or deliver the Service, or any contents, materials, or portion thereof, to any third party. Should Licensee wish to do any of the foregoing, Licensee may contact XAI to seek written permission for such use (which permission shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). Without limiting the foregoing and except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, Licensee shall not at any time, directly or indirectly: (a) copy, modify, or create derivative works of the Service, in whole or in part; (b) rent, lease, lend, sell, sublicense, assign, distribute, publish, transfer, or otherwise make available the Service; (c) reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, decode, adapt, or otherwise attempt to derive or gain access to the source of the underlying data or content or methods used to compile the Service, in whole or in part; (d) remove any proprietary notices included within the Service; or (e) use the Service in any manner or for any purpose that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any intellectual property right or other right of any person, or that violates any applicable law. Licensee understands and agrees that any use of the Service outside the scope of the Permitted Use (or as otherwise prohibited under this Agreement), including but not limited to, any use requiring publication, distribution, or disclosure of any component of the Service by Licensee requires, in each case, the prior written consent of XAI and attribution to XAI.
  3. LICENSE FEES. Licensee shall pay XAI the fees set forth in the Order Form (“Subscription Fees”) in accordance with the Order Form. If Licensee fails to make any payment when due, in addition to all other remedies that may be available: XAI may charge interest on the past due amount at the highest rate permitted under applicable law; and/or suspend access to the Service until all past due amounts and interest thereon have been paid (without incurring any obligation or liability to Licensee or any other person by reason of such suspension).
  4. TERM; TERMINATION.

    1. Term. This Agreement will commence on the Effective Date as set forth in the Order Form and shall remain in force and effect and renew automatically as set forth in the Order Form the (“Term”) unless and until terminated by either party earlier in accordance with these Terms.
    2. Termination. Either party may terminate this Agreement by providing written notice of non-renewal to the other party at least thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the Term. Either party may terminate this Agreement (including any Order Form), effective on written notice to the other party, if the other party materially breaches this Agreement, and such breach remains uncured thirty (30) days after the non-breaching party provides the breaching party with written notice of such breach. In addition, XAI may terminate this Agreement, effective immediately upon written notice to Licensee, if Licensee breaches any of the following Sections: 2 (“Use Restrictions”), Section 5 (“Intellectual Property”), or Section 6 (“Confidentiality”).
    3. Effect of Termination. Upon termination or expiration of this Agreement, the license granted herein will also terminate, and Licensee shall (a) cease using the Service, (b) delete, destroy, or return all Confidential Information of XAI; and (c) certify such return or destruction upon request by XAI. Except where otherwise indicated in this Agreement, no expiration or termination will affect Licensee's obligation to pay all Subscription Fees that may have become due before such expiration or termination or entitle Licensee to any refund. Any rights, obligations, or required performance of the parties in this Agreement which, by their express terms or nature and context are intended to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement, will survive any such termination or expiration, including the rights and obligations set forth in this Section 4.3, Section 3 and Sections 5-9.
  5. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

    1. Licensee acknowledges and agrees that, as between XAI and Licensee, XAI owns and shall own all right, title, and interest, including any and all intellectual property rights thereto, the Service and the Confidential Information, and all of their component data, information and materials (and all copies thereof made by Licensee or its end users hereunder). Licensee further acknowledges that: (a) the Service is an original compilation protected by United States copyright laws; (b) XAI has dedicated substantial resources to collect, manage, and compile the Service and its component data, information and materials; and (c) the Service constitutes trade secrets of XAI. Except for the limited rights and licenses expressly granted under this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement grants, by implication, waiver, estoppel, or otherwise, to Licensee or any third party any intellectual property rights or other right, title, or interest in or to the Service. XAI reserves all rights not expressly granted to Licensee in this Agreement.
    2. Except as otherwise set forth in this Section, Licensee is, and shall be, the sole and exclusive owner of all right, title, all documents, work product, and other materials that are delivered to Licensee hereunder or prepared by or on behalf of XAI in the course of performing custom services (“Custom Services”) as described in the Custom Service Scope of Work of the applicable Order Form (“Deliverables”). To the extent that any of the Deliverables do not constitute a "work made for hire" as such is defined in the U.S. Copyright Act, XAI hereby irrevocably assigns all right, title, and interest in and to the Deliverables, including all intellectual property rights therein, to Licensee. Deliverables shall not include the documents, data, know-how, methodologies, software, and other materials provided or used by XAI in connection with the Custom Services to the extent that such materials were developed or otherwise acquired before or outside the scope of the Custom Services under this Agreement (which shall constitute “XAI Background IP”). XAI hereby grants Licensee a limited, irrevocable license to any XAI Background IP to the extent incorporated in, combined with, or otherwise necessary for the use of the Deliverables.
  6. CONFIDENTIALITY. Licensee and XAI acknowledge that, in connection with the performance of this Agreement, they may each receive or be exposed to proprietary or confidential information of the other party (together with the data, information and materials that are provide as part of the Service, the “Confidential Information”). The restrictions of this Section will not apply when, and to the extent that, Confidential Information (a) is publicly known at the time of a proposed disclosure without a breach of these Terms, (b) is provided on a non-confidential basis by a third party that is not itself under any confidentiality obligation with respect to the Confidential Information, (c) is previously known by the receiving party free of any obligation to keep it confidential, or (d) is independently developed by the receiving party without use of or reference to the Confidential Information. The parties will maintain and protect the confidentiality of the Confidential Information and will not disclose the Confidential Information or use it for any purpose not expressly authorized hereunder. The parties shall use reasonable legal, organizational, physical, administrative, and technical measures and security procedures to safeguard and ensure the security of the Confidential Information and to protect it from unauthorized access, disclosure, duplication, use, modification, or loss.
  7. INDEMNIFICATION. Licensee will indemnify and hold harmless XAI and its agents from and against any and all losses, liabilities, damages and claims, and all related costs and expenses (including without limitation reasonable legal fees and disbursements and costs of investigation, litigation, settlement, judgment, interest and penalties), arising from or in connection with Licensee’s negligence, willful misconduct, or breach of any representation or warranty under this Agreement Licensee’s or its end users’ use of the Service. Licensee will pay or reimburse all costs that may be incurred by XAI in enforcing this indemnity, including (without limitation) attorneys’ fees.
  8. DISCLAIMERS; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.THE SERVICE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ON AN “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS. XAI HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE. XAI SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND ALL WARRANTIES ARISING FROM COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. XAI MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND AND ASSUMED NO OBLIGATION TO ENSURE THAT THE SERVICE, OR ANY DATA, INFORMATION AND MATERIALS, OR RESULTS OF ITS USE, WILL MEET LICENSEE'S OR ANY OTHER PERSON'S REQUIREMENTS, OPERATE WITHOUT INTERRUPTION, ACHIEVE ANY INTENDED RESULT, BE COMPATIBLE OR WORK WITH ANY SOFTWARE, SYSTEM, OR OTHER SERVICES, OR BE SECURE, UP-TO-DATE, ACCURATE, COMPLETE, FREE OF HARMFUL CODE, OR ERROR FREE. LICENSEE UNDERSTANDS THAT THE SERVICE (AND ALL DATA, INFORMATION AND MATERIALS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH THE SERVICE) ARE BEING PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. LICENSEE AGREES THAT XAI IS NOT PROVIDING THE SERVICE OR ANY SUCH DATA, INFORMATION OR MATERIALS AS, AND NO COMPONENT OF THE SERVICE SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE ANY, LEGAL, TAX, INVESTMENT, FINANCIAL OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL OR NON-PROFESSIONAL ADVICE. ALL USE OF THE SERVICE, AND SUCH DATA, INFORMATION AND MATERIALS IS AT LICENSEE’S SOLE RISK. IN NO EVENT WILL XAI BE LIABLE UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, ENHANCED, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER XAI WAS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES OR DAMAGES OR SUCH LOSSES OR DAMAGES WERE OTHERWISE FORESEEABLE. IN NO EVENT WILL XAI'S AGGREGATE LIABILITY HEREUNDER EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNTS PAID TO XAI UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IN THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRECEDING THE EVENT GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM.
  9. MISCELLANEOUS. XAI may update or otherwise modify these Terms from time to time at its sole discretion; provided, however, that XAI shall provide Licensee with advance notice of material changes. The current version of the Terms as published at www.xainvestments.com shall be effective and shall supersede any prior versions. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any rights, remedy, power, or privilege arising herefrom will operate or be construed as a waiver thereof. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid by a court with jurisdiction over the parties to this Agreement, such provision will be deemed to be restated to reflect as nearly as possible the original intentions of the parties in accordance with applicable law, and the remainder of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. This Agreement does not appoint either party the agent of the other party, or create a partnership, joint venture or similar relationship between the parties, and neither party will have the power to obligate or bind the other party in any manner whatsoever. This Agreement will be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of Illinois, without reference to or application of the conflicts of law principles the application of which would cause the substantive laws of another jurisdiction to apply. Any and all disputes between the parties that cannot be settled by mutual agreement will be resolved solely and exclusively in the state and federal courts with jurisdiction over Chicago, Illinois. Any notice required or permitted by this Agreement shall be transmitted by personal service by hand, or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the other party at the applicable address set forth in the Order Form. This Agreement may not be assigned by Licensee without the express written approval of XAI. Licensee shall not, directly or indirectly, export, re-export, or release the Service or any component thereof to, or make the Service accessible from, any jurisdiction or country to which export, re-export, or release is prohibited by law, rule, or regulation.
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Income and Volatility: Paid to Ride Out a Storm

January 15, 2020 | David Adler

Instead of staying invested for the long-term, investors may react to short-term volatility by rushing to the exits. Unfortunately doing this and realizing losses can cause damage to one’s financial health. Dividend or other income producing investments can help investors with the volatility “problem” as income creates incentives for investors to stick with their long-term investment plan and weather a storm.

Warren Buffett, in his 2014 Berkshire Hathaway annual letter, explains “…volatility is almost universally used as a proxy for risk. Though this pedagogic assumption makes for easy teaching, it is dead wrong.”1

Economist John Cochrane, former President of the American Finance Association notes:

If you see bond volatility go through the roof, you would be foolish to call your broker and cry, “We’ve got to sell! I can’t take any more losses.” If bond prices go down more, bond yields and long-run returns will rise just enough that you face no long-run risk…The same logic explains why you can ignore short-run volatility in stock markets.2

The real danger to the long-term investor comes not necessarily from volatility, but from investor behavior. Investors may exit the market during a volatility period, missing potential price rebounds. JP Morgan Asset management research has found that just missing the ten best days of the market during the last twenty years would have halved returns. Furthermore, the best trading days tend to be closely clustered with the worst trading days.3

Performance of a $10,000 Investment (1/1/98-12/29/17) in the S&P 500

This chart is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the performance of any investment or group of investments. Source: J.P. Morgan Asset Management 20-year analysis using Bloomberg data. Returns are based on the S&P 500 Total Return Index, an unmanaged, capitalization-weighted index that measures the performance of 500 large capitalization domestic stocks representing all major industries. Performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. Data as of December 31, 2017.

Income can be a substantial source of return from an investment, particularly during volatile periods. In the long run income may smooth out and boost total returns.

Income producing investments can help overcome investors’ worst behavioral biases, such as the urge to time the price movements of markets. The reason is that income producing investments are inherently stickier and give investors a financial incentive not to sell.

Income producing investments may pay investors to ride out a storm. The bar chart below compares income producing asset classes.

Comparison of Asset Class Distribution Rates by Representative Index1,2

Sources: us.spindices.com; JP Morgan CLOIE; alerian.com; massmutual.com; morganstanley.com; fred.stlouisfed.org.
1 All index data as of 12/31/2019
2 Corporate Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg Barclays US 5-10 Year Corporate Bond Index. High-Yield Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg Barclays US Corp High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Index and reflect yield-to-worst. Senior Secured Loans are represented by the S&P/LSTA U.S. Leveraged Loan 100 Index and reflect yield-to-maturity. Energy MLPs are represented by the Alerian MLP Index (MLP distributions may consist primarily or even exclusively of returns of capital rather than income). BDCs are represented by the S&P BDC Index. CLO Debt is represented by the JP Morgan CLOIE BB Debt Index.

Risks

The information in this article is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, investment or other professional advice on any subject matter. Further, the information is not all-inclusive and should not be relied upon as such. An investment in CEFs involves risks, including loss of principal. Performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. Diversification does not eliminate the risk of experiencing investment losses. You should not use this communication as a substitute for your own judgment, and you should consult professional advisors before making any investment decisions. This information may contain “forward looking” information that is not purely historical in nature, including projections, forecasts, estimates of market returns, and proposed portfolio compositions. There is no guarantee that any forecasts will come to pass. This information does not constitute a solicitation of an offer to sell or buy any specific security offering. Such an offering is made by the applicable prospectus only. A prospectus should be read carefully by an investor before investing. Investors are advised to consider investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses carefully before investing. Financial advisors should determine if the risks associated with an investment are consistent with their client’s investment objectives.

1 Berkshire Hathaway Inc., 2014 Annual Report, page 18.

2 Cochrane, J. H. “Is now the time to buy stocks? The Wall Street Journal.” November 12th, 2008.

3 JP Morgan Asset Management, “Get invested, stay invested: Navigating volatile markets.” November 9, 2018.

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